What are the Different Types of Polyurethane Finishes?

What is Polyurethane?

As you look around your home, you'll likely spot numerous items made from polyurethane. This synthetic resin is among the most widely used materials available today. When compared to other wood finishes like shellac or varnish, polyurethane consistently proves to be one of the most durable options, providing maximum heat resistance and lasting aesthetics.

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Typically employed in flooring, polyurethane finish exists in both oil-based and water-based forms.

Water- Based vs. Oil- Based

From an aesthetic viewpoint, the primary difference between these two types is color. Water-based polyurethane remains clear over time, whereas oil-based polyurethane develops an amber tint that deepens the wood's color as it ages. Consider the purpose of your finished surface as well. Due to its interaction with wood grain, water-based urethane typically requires more coats than oil-based and is more susceptible to damage from heat or chemicals. For high-traffic areas or places exposed to greater heat, oil-based polyurethane is a robust option that needs fewer coats to achieve a satisfactory finish. Both options have their merits, and consulting a professional can help you determine the right choice based on a few simple questions.

Choosing your Finish

After selecting the base, the next step is to pick a finish type. The appearance of the finishes varies depending on how light reflects off them, influencing the level of polish and the upkeep required.

The different types of polyurethane finishes, ranked by sheen from lowest to highest, include:

*Note that as you move up the sheen level, imperfections and usual wear become more noticeable on the flooring.

Matte Polyurethane: This is the lowest sheen option and has no light reflection, resulting in a flat appearance that effectively disguises scuffs and flaws.

Satin Polyurethane: A finish with a medium to low sheen; this is currently the most popular choice due to its versatility and ease of maintenance. If you've seen polyurethane floors lately, they likely have a satin finish.

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Semi-Gloss Polyurethane: This finish offers a higher sheen than satin, requiring more maintenance, and is clear and shiny—often too reflective for the average consumer. It's best suited for lower-traffic areas.

High Gloss Polyurethane: The highest sheen finish, this is the least commonly used in homes due to its tendency to highlight imperfections.

There are four primary polyurethane wood finishes: matte, satin, semi-gloss, and high-gloss, each with unique pros and cons.

Matte finishes are least reflective and great for hiding scratches. Satin finishes add some sheen while still masking blemishes.

Semi-gloss provides more shine, enhancing the wood's beauty but also making imperfections easier to detect, requiring more maintenance. Best suited for low-traffic areas.

A high-gloss finish is highly reflective and eye-catching but also highlights every minor flaw, making it less ideal for busy spaces. Nonetheless, it provides a touch of elegance to cabinets and frames.

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