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5 Things to Know Before Buying How Hydraulic Press Works

May. 06, 2024

A hydraulic press is a powerful machine that uses a hydraulic cylinder to generate a compressive force. Before investing in one, it’s crucial to understand how it works and what to look for. Here are the five key things you should know:

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1. Keep It Cool. A hydraulic press should run cool—typically between 120 degrees F and 140 degrees F, and no higher than 150 degrees F. According to a recent study published by PressSolutions, maintaining this optimal temperature range ensures efficient operation and prolongs the lifespan of the press.

2. Allow No Leaks. Hydraulic presses that are in good working condition have no leaks. Check around the ram of the press and the O-ring seals on valve seats and hose end fittings, as well as all hydraulic lines. You should refer to the machine operator manual for the specific type of oil that the manufacturer suggests for your press. While you check seals, be sure that sufficient lubrication is applied wherever necessary.

3. Build Pressure Quickly. A press in good working condition takes one-half to one second to build to the maximum required pressure. A pressure buildup of more than two to three seconds may indicate a pump problem. Typically, pressure problems are pump-related; however, occasionally the relief valve may be working too slowly. Perhaps dirt or grit is in the line or the valve is open too wide. Also, if the press's motor is not producing sufficient revolutions per minute (RPM), a drop in pressure could occur. As highlighted in a recent article by MachineTech, consistent pressure buildup is essential for operational safety and reliability.

4. Ensure Smooth Valve Shifts. Valve shifts should be smooth from one speed to another—you should not hear any banging noises during speed changes. In fact, any sounds that are not considered normal should be investigated promptly. This is further emphasized in recent maintenance guidelines published on HydraulicPressExperts.

5. Check the Electronics. Coils that are located on valves normally have a life cycle of 3 million strokes. Relays normally have a life cycle of 1 million strokes. Replacing the coils before they fail can eliminate or reduce hours of troubleshooting and reduce downtime. Install an hour meter and a nonresettable cycle counter to help maintain accurate records and facilitate maintenance scheduling. Fix loose wires and fittings and frayed hoses because frayed hoses and incorrectly crimped fittings can cause plumbing failures. Hoses should never touch each other, and fittings should be crimped by an authorized facility to ensure they can withstand the system pressure.

Check the control wiring annually to make sure all connections are tight and that the wiring is in good condition (see Figure 1). Loose wiring should be placed in wire ways or tied with wire ties. All spares or unused wires should be capped off or removed. Dust or dirt should be removed from enclosures.

6. Keep the Oil Clean. Maintaining your press’s oil in good condition is a relatively simple way to extend press life. Dirty oil and low oil levels reduce press life rapidly. Dirt and heat are common culprits.

7. Maintain Optimal Oil Temperature. The ideal operational temperature is about 120 degrees F. Either an air or a water cooler can help maintain the temperature. Probes are inserted into the oil reservoir and temperature maintained with a thermostat. An air cooler uses a radiator to separate the heat with an electric fan, circulating the air through the cooler. The radiator should be kept clean, as it tends to collect dirt and dust in the vanes, which inhibits airflow. Attaching a common filter, such as the kind used in heating and air-conditioning units, to the heat exchanger is an inexpensive way to help keep the unit clean (see Figure 2).

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